Was the December 29, 1890, massacre at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, an act of war? U.S. government officials deemed it such. Or was the killing of some 200 Lakota men, women, and children by Army cavalrymen an act of premeditated murder, as claimed by survivors, their descendants, and American Indian advocates?

Eli Paul, manager of the Library’s Missouri Valley Special Collections, discusses the controversial incident and an introspective Library exhibit commemorating its 125th anniversary. Frozen in Time: Images of Wounded Knee and Pine Ridge, 1890-91 features more than 60 images of the aftermath and of leaders on both sides. It remains on display in the Central Library's Genevieve Guldner Gallery through March 13, 2016.

Paul is the co-author of Eyewitness at Wounded Knee, on which the exhibit is based.